During the last couple of centuries, with the accelerated industrial and technological growth around the world, the poverty and unprivileged nature of rural areas have become more apparent. Since compared to urban dwellers, rural communities have lower average income levels and do not have access to acceptable levels of social services, these rural classes are considered more poor and vulnerable, which, in some cases, results in their migration to cities. The reason behind this can be attributed to the geographical scattering of villages, lack of cost-effectiveness for providing social and professional services, lack of specialized agricultural practices (low productivity), limited land resources (given the population growth), and lack of proper management by the authorities. Therefore, in order to mitigate severe poverty in rural areas, improving the living standards and quality of life of village dwellers, creating jobs, and increasing the productivity of these communities, the “rural development” scheme was devised. In order to further its activities, the CIWP has focused on the necessity of considering environmental compatibility and rural activities to realize the concept of environmentally-compatible villages. The current book covers some of the experiences of this project in this regard.